Respiration in Human Beings

Respiration:- a process in living organisms involving the production of energy, typically with the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide from the oxidation of complex organic substances.

Breathing:- The inhalation of oxygen and exhalation of carbon dioxide is called as breathing.

breathing is very important for respiration because with out oxygen, cells cannot break glucose molecules to obtain energy from them.

Respiratory system
Nose is the important organ of respiratory system, we inhale air through nose and it reaches to lungs through Trachea or wind pipe.

Lungs are a pair of spongy, air filled organs on the either side of the chest. The main branch called as Primary Bronchus divides into two branches and enters inti the two lungs one in each. Secondary bronchus arises from the primary bronchus , and tertiary bronchus from secondary. Each lung has 3 lobes

1.Superior Lobe

2.Middle Lobe

3.Inferior Lobe

Lungs are covered by a thin tissue layer called the Pleura. Lungs are bordered by the diaphragm, which helps in breathing by contraction and relaxation.

On the end of the bronchioles there are present cluster of microscopic sac like structures called as Alveoli. In the alveoli, oxygen from the air is absorbed into the blood, carbon dioxide , a waste product of metabolism , travels from the blood to the alveoli, where it can be exhaled.

Break down of Glucose takes place in Mitochondria of the cell.

chemical reaction C6H12O6 + O2 ⟶ CO2 + H2O + Energy ( in the form of ATP, Adinosine Triphosphate)

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Absorption of Nutrients in Small Intestines

The digested food is now in simple form and is ready to use by cells. The inner wall of small intestines is called as Mucosa, it has numerous finger like projections called as Villi (singular- villus), which in-turn has finger like projections called as micro-villi. The purpose of villus is to provide large surface area for nutrient absorption. Villi have large network of blood capillaries, where the nutrients are absorbed in blood by diffusion.Most of the nutrients are absorbed in jejunum. except Iron is absorbed in duodenum vitamin B12 and bile salts are absorbed in the terminal ileum. Through blood digested food reaches to each and every cell of the body.

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