Structure and function of human brain

Structure of Human Brain

Human brain is well protected in a cranium cavity, in a skull. The Human brain has 3 membranes called Meninges. The space between the 3 membranes is filled with the fluid called Cerebro-spinal fluid which protects the brain from mechanical shocks.

Brain is divided into three regions
1. Fore Brain:- It is further divided into 3 parts
• Cerebrum:- It is the main thinking part of the brain. It is the center of intelligence, Memory, consciousness, willing power and voluntary actions.
• Thalamus:- It relays pain and pressure impulses to the cerebrum.
• Hypothalamus:- It controls body temperature and secretion of Pituitary gland.

2. Mid Brain:- It doesn't have any further divisions. It controls reflex movements.

3. Hind Brain:- It has 3 regions

• Cerebellum:-It balances body.

• Pons Verolii:-It connects cerebrum with cerebrum, and transfer messages in between them.

• Medulla:-It controls involuntary activities of body e.g breathing, heart beating etc. Any injury in this part can lead to the death.

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Structure and function of Neuron

Neurons (nerve cells) are the functional units of the nervous system. A typical neuron is divided into three parts i.e Cell body or Soma,Some contains all the cell organelles like Nucleus, Mitochondria etc. Dendrites and Axon. Schwann cells of Axon are covered by Myelin Sheath. Dendrites are branched like structures on Soma. Axon terminal is also branched like structure. The signals are received from neuron by dendrites and are send to next neuron bye chemo-electrical impulses through axon. The junction between the two cells is known as Synapses.In neuron signal travels in the form of chemicals but at synapses in changes in to electrical impulses.

Absorption of Nutrients in Small Intestines

The digested food is now in simple form and is ready to use by cells. The inner wall of small intestines is called as Mucosa, it has numerous finger like projections called as Villi (singular- villus), which in-turn has finger like projections called as micro-villi. The purpose of villus is to provide large surface area for nutrient absorption. Villi have large network of blood capillaries, where the nutrients are absorbed in blood by diffusion.Most of the nutrients are absorbed in jejunum. except Iron is absorbed in duodenum vitamin B12 and bile salts are absorbed in the terminal ileum. Through blood digested food reaches to each and every cell of the body.

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